"A Basic Primer On The Scott Walker Case For Ignorant Reporters." The Federalist. N.p., 20
June 2014. Web. 5 Mar. 2015. <http://thefederalist.com/2014/06/20/
a-basic-primer-on-the-scott-walker-case-for-ignorant-reporters/>.
This picture of Scott Walker will be used as a visual for a quote of his which is featured on the board. This photograph will be used in the antithesis to aid in providing a different perspective on labor unions.
Aerial view of the ILGWU Cooperative Housing, Penn South, New York, 1962.N.d. The Kheel
Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center, Ithaca. 5780P box 13, folder 14. Cornell
University ILR School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015. <http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/
ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This is a photograph of the Cooperative Housing that the ILGWU and Dubinsky took part in forming. They are the culmination of combined efforts to improve the quality of life for garment workers. This supports both the leadership and legacy component since the housing could have lasted well into the future.
African American women picketing Woolworth’s discrimination in the South. The Kheel Center
ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center, Ithaca. Cornell University ILR School. Web. 22
Jan. 2015. <http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This photograph will be used to demonstrate the activism of people at the time. This activism can be attributed in part to Dubinsky’s leadership of the ILGWU, so this photograph will support the thesis and the leadership component.
Danish, Max D. "Elector Dubinsky." The World of David Dubinsky. Cleveland: The World
Publishing Co., 1957. 92-97. Print.
In the eighth chapter of his book, Max D. Danish includes the role of political parties in Dubinsky's world. He begins by discussing the evident need for a labor party and goes on to include the realization that labor leaders made about the fact that they needed solid political support. He later mentions that Dubinsky had been away on business for some of this time, but upon his return, he actively worked to increase this interest in politics. Eventually, the ILGWU had spent $150,000 dollars in contribution to political efforts. Danish includes quotes from a speech Dubinsky made on his resignation from the Socialist Party in which he explains that he has quit to support FDR's presidential campaign and that any involvement with communists will ultimately have an undesirable outcome. The chapter closes with a statement regarding FDR's reelection and the fact that David Dubinsky was among the 48 electors who voted him into office. This chapter further emphasizes Dubinsky's involvement in politics and clearly displays the impact his involvement had.
Danish, Max D. "In and Out of the CIO." The World of David Dubinsky. Cleveland: The World
Publishing Co., 1957. 106-116. Print.
The opening of chapter ten includes Danish's explanation of the current conflicts surrounding whether there should be a change in the policies of industrial unionism. Dubinsky was very supportive of making changes and mostly in agreement with the decisions of the CIO leaders. In this chapter, the majority of the information included also deals with the situation between the AFL and the CIO. Dubinsky was on the side of peace, stressing that sacrifices should be made from both organizations in order to establish any kind of agreement. However, there was notably more conflict than there was peace, and no peace would be found in the near future. Danish closes the chapter with Dubinsky's decision to keep the ILGWU as an independent union with some amicable, but not professional, ties with both the AFL and CIO. This chapter depicts an instance in which David Dubinsky executed his powers as leader in a manner he believed to be beneficial for the ILGWU.
Danish, Max D. "Reconstruction Blues." The World of David Dubinsky. Cleveland: The World
Publishing Co., 1957. 59-71. Print.
This chapter involves a much more political aspect of Dubinsky’s life than the first. It deals specifically with a time of conflict between Communists and Socialists. By now, Danish is writing about Dubinsky as the manager of the Cutter’s union. He writes about Dubinsky’s proposal to raise dues and how close Dubinsky came to renouncing his managerial position. Additionally, he mentions the steps the union took to lessen poverty and increase their member count. In relation to these points, Danish brings up several strikes that were planned at the time. Danish goes on to write about Dubinsky’s unanimous election to be the secretary treasure of the ILGWU, and later on, his travels to Europe are briefly addressed. Danish closes with Dubinsky’s approval to be president-designate of the ILGWU, another great accomplishment. In this chapter, the aspect of leadership is more thoroughly addressed than in the first.
Danish, Max D. "Teenage Political." The World of David Dubinsky. Cleveland: The World
Publishing Co., 1957. 13-22. Print.
In the first chapter of his book, Max D. Danish recounts David Dubinsky’s immigration to the United States. He includes descriptions of the boat and the sights and sounds Dubinsky experienced upon arrival. During those moments, Dubinsky has a string of memories come back to him and the narration becomes a flashback to his childhood in Lodz. Danish writes about the hardships Dubinsky’s family faced and goes on to mention Dubinsky’s involvement with the Bund. The next major details he includes are those dealing with Dubinsky’s involvement with Bund as well as the imprisonment and escape that followed. The flashback ends and opens to the present where Dubinsky is becoming accustomed to life in New York. Danish closes the chapter with a sentence stating Dubinsky’s first great accomplishment, his acceptance into the Cutter’s Union after only half a year of being in the city. Max D. Danish is a reliable author, with the exception of some inevitable bias. He was involved with the ILGWU and other unions which makes the topic of this book something he was personally familiar with. Overall, this chapter provides clear introductory information that sets the stage for the following chapters.
Danish, Max D. "Targets for Tomorrow." The World of David Dubinsky. Cleveland: The World
Publishing Co., 1957. 333-341. Print.
This is Max D. Danish's last chapter, and it lives up to its title with several points being made regarding the future for both David Dubinsky himself and the ILGWU. Dubinsky is quoted on his opinions that the ILGWU has progressed greatly but garment workers will still face many struggles. Additionally, the ILGWU is described as one big family, contrasting to the cold and formal natures of other unions. This in some way contributed to its success and was thought to be a factor that would influence further success. Furthermore, Danish states that Dubinsky was the most stable element in the garment workers' industry. In the closing of this chapter, and the book itself, Danish includes David Dubinsky's beliefs that the goal of the union should be to progress and that the final outcome will always be distant, even if one rushes to reach it. This chapter provides a few details that are valid evidence of Dubinsky's leadership and legacy.
Danish, Max D. "The Mid-Fifties." The World of David Dubinsky. Cleveland: The World
Publishing Co., 1957. 203-215. Print.
Danish opens chapter seventeen of his book with the unfortunate news of the low point in garment workers' lives. He mentions David Dubinsky's positive stance on the matter, describing his view as an optimistic one in terms of how the future would look for garment workers. He had some success, managing to see a raise in the wages of workers in each branch of the industry. Additionally, he shortened the working schedules to a maximum of 35 hours per week. This was largely responsible for the increase in union members. Another main point that is addressed in this chapter is the formation of the ILG Training Institute, an educational school for those interested in unionism. This is the final point made within the chapter, and Danish closes it with a quote from Dubinsky which displays his certainty that the Training Institute would educate and persuade people to be involved in unions. In this chapter, the formation of the Training Institute is a direct link to Dubinsky's legacy.
David Dubinsky and Leon Blum talking at the dedication of ORT trade school building at
Montreuil, France, July 15, 1948. The school was established with funds contributed by
ILGWU. 1948. Photograph. The Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation
and Archives. Catherwood Library, Ithaca. International Ladies Garment Workers Union
Photographs (1885-1985).
In this photograph, Dubinsky is depicted with Leon Blum, a French politician. They are
not discussing politics, but it is clear that Dubinsky has both political and social
importance since he is speaking with a powerful politician of the time. Additionally, one
could interpret their apparent good humor as evidence of Dubinsky’s personable
qualities. This picture is not entirely reliable as it only depicts a moment of leisure in Dubinsky’s life and has no information that is directly related to his working life. However, it will help to support my research question by providing evidence that Dubinsky was involved with important political figures.
David Dubinsky and Nelson Rockefeller socialize with others. Photograph. The Kheel Center for
Labor-Management Documentation and Archives. Catherwood Library, Ithaca.
International Ladies Garment Workers Union Photographs (1885-1985).
This image depicts David Dubinsky socializing with Nelson Rockefeller, a person of social significance at the time. Like the previous one, it supports that Dubinsky himself was an important figure. Additionally, it provides further evidence that he was an esteemed person. He would not be a part of such gatherings if were irrelevant or displeasing. Furthermore, this shows that Dubinsky formed ties with influential people of the time and somewhat supports the fact that his personality contributed to how successful the ILGWU was. This will be useful in providing more background and evidence for both the research question and thesis.
David Dubinsky sitting and Lyndon B. Johnson standing, each talking on a telephone.
Photograph. The Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives. Catherwood Library, Ithaca. International Ladies Garment Workers Union Photographs (1885-1985).
This picture depicts an older David Dubinsky smiling as he speaks on the phone. There is no context of the phone call but it could be either a personal phone call or a business phone call. Regardless of the specifics, this picture shows Dubinsky in action. It will help to support the idea that he was a proactive leader or that his personality contributed to his business endeavors. Due to the lack of context, this source is not very reliable.
David Dubinsky enters a meeting hall as women hold signs and cheer, 1958. Photograph. The
Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives. Catherwood Library,
Ithaca. International Ladies Garment Workers Union Photographs (1885-1985).
This picture shows Dubinsky amongst protesting women. It implies that he was
personally involved in strikes and shows he was concerned with the actions of garment
workers. His presence is evidence of how willing he was to support such causes and is
another example of leadership. This will contribute firsthand information to answer the
research question and some evidence to support the thesis. However, it is not necessarily
as reliable as some other sources.
David Dubinsky 1892-1982. Photograph. The Kheel Center for Labor-Management
Documentation and Archives. Catherwood Library, Ithaca.
This is a picture of David Dubinsky in his youth, before his presidency. It is meant to show how he looked before taking office and demonstrate how the stress of being in office contributed to his aging in appearance. This picture would function as part of the background information.
David Dubinsky. 1934. Photograph. ILGWU Archives. Kheel Center, Cornell University, Ithaca.
5780PB7F5C.
This is a picture of David Dubinsky sitting at a desk in his second year of office. It is almost symbolic of his status as president since he is shown in a seemingly important position. This will be used as visual for the beginning of his presidency.
David Dubinsky receives the Four Freedoms award, with George Meany, Luigi Antonini and
others looking on. Photograph. The Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation
and Archives. Catherwood Library, Ithaca. International Ladies Garment Workers Union
Photographs (1885 - 1895).
This photograph is evidence of Dubinsky’s leadership since he is being given an award and there are other influential people present which shows his affiliation with other leaders. This photograph will be used to demonstrate Dubinsky’s devotion to unionism and as support for the leadership component.
Dewey, John. David Dubinsky: A Pictorial Biography. New York: Inter-Allied Publications,
1951. Print.
It is clear from the beginning of this book that it is meant as a tribute to Dubinsky’s contributions. Dewey regards him only positively and attributes the success of the ILGWU to be an effect of Dubinsky’s leadership. While Dewey did not have extensive involvement with the ILGWU, his bias is clear. John Dewey is credible for his role as a philosopher and reformer but the bias of this work makes it less reliable. The written half of the book includes small portions devoted to specific aspects of Dubinsky’s life. His working strategies and philosophies are mentioned alongside his general contributions and personal life. After these paragraphs comes a long series of photographs corresponding with Dubinsky’s life from his youth all through his working years. Overall, John Dewey provides a mostly accurate description of David Dubinsky both as a person and a leader, making sure to include his legacy as well.
Dubinsky, David. "David Dubinsky's Letter of Resignation to the General Executive Board."
Letter. 16 Mar. 1966. TS. The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center,
Ithaca. 5780/002, box 400, folder 13.
This letter of resignation was written by a significantly aged David Dubinsky. In it he
recalls his early involvement with labor unions and recounts the many obstacles the
ILGWU has overcome throughout his involvement with it. Additionally, Dubinsky
mentions the great success of the ILGWU in his time. He closes the letter with the
sentiment that he knows the ILGWU is at a good point and assures he will be willing to
assist his successor. In general, this letter will provide first hand information on
Dubinsky’s opinions but it is very biased which decreases its credibility.
Eleanor Roosevelt, President John F. Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson stand in front of a Penn
South apartment at the ILGWU Cooperative Housing dedication, New York, 1962.N.d.
The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center, Ithaca. 5780P box 13, folder
14. Cornell University ILR School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This is again a picture of the culmination of efforts to establish Cooperative Housing and displays Dubinsky’s devotion to bettering life for union members as well as the effectiveness of his leadership. However, this picture also displays Eleanor Roosevelt, JFK, and Lyndon B. Johnson, powerful people that Dubinsky was affiliated with. Overall, this photograph will support both the thesis and the leadership component.
Fine, Sylvia. "I.L.G.W.U." The Library of Congress. The Library of Congress, 11 Mar. 2014.
Web. 20 Nov. 2014. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200184870/default.html>.
The lyric sheet titled ILGWU by Sylvia Fine is a very opinionated piece that deals with her view on the benefits that come with being a garment worker. She stresses throughout the piece that you will certainly be discovered if you’re a garment worker. Fine is referring to being discovered as an actor, something she thinks is only possible if one possesses a union card. She goes on to describe the ILGWU as a ‘prep school’ for people involved in theater. Fine references the show Pins and Needles, an ILGWU produced show, stating its impact and success. Overall, her views do not necessarily reflect any solid information about the ILGWU. The only factual evidence that can be concluded from this is the ILGWU’s significant presence in society.
Housing application office for the ILGWU Cooperative Houses. N.d. The Kheel Center ILGWU
Collection. The Kheel Center, Ithaca. 5780 P, box 27, folder 3. Cornell University ILR
School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015. <http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/
ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This photograph shows people in line for Cooperative Housing applications. The ILGWU sponsored a Cooperative Housing project during Dubinsky’s term to benefit the workers of the time. This is evidence of Dubinsky’s leadership and demonstrates the steps he took to better the lives of garment workers. It can also serve as part of the lesson, being that the housing may have lasted for many years. Overall, the photograph will support the thesis and the legacy component.
ILGWU members at March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, female marchers, August 28,
1963. N.d. The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center, Ithaca. 5780/102 P, box 1, folder 17. Cornell University ILR School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015. <http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/ ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This image is evidence of the continued activism that existed in Dubinsky’s later years of presidency, despite drops in union activity. It demonstrates the importance of labor unions in peoples’ lives since they would go out on a march for their cause. Overall, this image supports the idea that Dubinsky was devoted to his work and brought about positive changes amongst members of his union.
ILGWU members at March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, at reflecting pool, August 28,
1963. 5780/102 P, box 1, folder 17. The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel
Center, Ithaca. Cornell University ILR School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/ ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This photograph of the March on Washington shows ILGWU members taking part in the march. It shows a large amount of people assembled there and reflects positively on the ILGWU. This photograph was taken in the later years of Dubinsky’s presidency and it is evident that his leadership still attracted people to the idea of organized strikes and marches. It will be used to support the thesis and the leadership component.
ILGWU members wear 60th anniversary hats during the 1960 Labor Day parade. 1960.
Photograph. The Kheel Center. Catherwood Library, Ithaca.5780 P, box 17, folder 9.
This photograph shows the spirit that garment workers had towards their union. It shows their unrivaled support for their cause because they are so enthusiastic about celebrating the ILGWU's 60th anniversary. The photograph provides indirect evidence of Dubinsky's legacy and displays a positive effect of his work upon the members of the union. Additionally, Dubinsky is part of the reason there are so many people in attendance. Overall, this image will provide support for my thesis.
ILGWU Local 22 members carrying pennants and marching in the May Day Parade, 1934. N.d.
The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center, Ithaca. 5780-014P box 1, folder
15 Cornell University ILR School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015. <http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/
ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This photograph shows ILGWU members taking part in the May Day Parade. It is set in Dubinsky's second year of presidency. It can be said that the participation of ILGWU members in such events is somewhat due to Dubinsky’s leadership and activism in terms of organizing such events. This photograph also demonstrates the positive changes Dubinsky was able to bring about. It will be used to support the leadership component.
ILGWU members marching in front of a banner at the 1937 May Day Parade. Second from right
is Sasha Zimmerman. N.d. The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center,
Ithaca. 5780P box 27, folder 3. Cornell University ILR School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/ ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This picture of ILGWU members marching in the May Day Parade demonstrates the spirit of workers at the time and supports the idea that Dubinsky promoted activism while he was president of the ILGWU. It supports the thesis and adds evidence to back up the idea that Dubinsky possessed good leadership skills.
ILGWU president David Dubinsky with actor Sam Levene, who plays main character Alexander
Brody in the film With These Hands, at the premiere on June 15, 1950.June 15, 1950.
Photograph. The Kheel Center. Catherwood Library, Ithaca. 5780P, box 45, folder 25.
This photograph shows David Dubinsky interacting with the lead actor of the ILGWU sponsored film, With These Hands. It provides evidence of Dubinsky's involvement in union matters, even when they weren't specifically dealing with signing papers or organizing strikes. Furthermore, it shows that the ILGWU under Dubinsky was a well-rounded institution that found innovative ways to gain support. This photograph shows that Dubinsky made some questionable decisions, but the film was a success, so Dubinsky’s leadership.
Jacob Potofsky of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America (left) and David Dubinsky of
the ILGWU (right) in front of a display of the United Housing Foundation illustrating the
ILGWU Cooperative. N.d. The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center,
Ithaca. 5780P box 13, folder 12. Cornell University ILR School. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/ ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This photograph demonstrates the affiliations that David Dubinsky had with other leaders of the time and the involvement of the ILGWU in projects to help better the living conditions of workers. It is evidence of the positive changes his leadership brought about and it will be used to support the leadership component of the project.
Kennedy, John F. Remarks in New York City at the Dedication of the Penn Station South Urban
Renewal Project, 19 May 1962. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
National Archives and Records Administration, 19 May 1962. Web. 20 Oct. 2014.
In the audio clip, Remarks in New York City at the Dedication of the Penn Station South Urban Renewal Project, 19 May 1962, President John F. Kennedy makes a clear point on the influence he believes organized labor will have on the future and how important it is to work on bettering the nation. He specifically mentions David Dubinsky, quoting him on the idea that a union should seek to contribute to the well-being of its members. Kennedy also discusses the difficulties more recent labor unions face in maintaining the motivation to fix workers’ issues. He goes on to say that the ILGWU has done a remarkable job in bettering its community and once again makes the point that the future relies on what workers do in the present. Overall, this source is accurate but may contain certain bias that lessens its reliability. Pertaining to the research question, this source has some information to support that David Dubinsky displayed leadership and left behind a legacy.
Labor Day Parade, New York, New York, 1937. N.d. The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The
Kheel Center, Ithaca. 5780 P, box 27, folder 3. Cornell University ILR School. Web. 22
Jan. 2015. <http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/ ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This picture shows the crowd during the Labor Day Parade in 1937, Dubinsky’s fifth year of presidency. The presence at the parade could be attributed in part to Dubinsky’s leadership of the ILGWU. Additionally, this photograph displays the spirit of the people at the time in relation to the labor movement. This will be used to support the leadership component of the project since it shows the involvement that Dubinsky helped to inspire in people.
Labor official David Dubinsky (2R) and ACW official Jacob S. Potofsky (C) attending the
AFL-CIO convention. (Photo by Joseph Scherschel/The LIFE Picture Collection/Getty
Images). Photograph. The Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and
Archives. Catherwood Library, Ithaca. International Ladies Garment Workers Union
Photographs (1885 - 1895).
This photograph shows David Dubinsky at an important labor convention with other influential leaders, including Jacob S. Potofsky. It demonstrates his involvement in labor politics and his significance in the world of labor unions at the time. It will be used to support the thesis and the leadership component.
Men picketing against racketeers. The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center,
Ithaca. Cornell University ILR School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015. <http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/
ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This photograph demonstrates activism amongst union members and shows a cause they
fought for. It shows a problem they faced and it will form part of the background
information
Pesotta, Rose. "Rose Pesotta's Letter to David Dubinsky." Letter to David Dubinsky. 1938. TS.
The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center, Ithaca. 5780/002, box 134, folder 2.
In this letter to David Dubinsky, Rose Pesotta makes several points in regards to her opinion on how things are being run within the ILGWU. Pesotta disagrees with the increasing involvement the ILGWU began to have with politics. Furthermore, she states that she believes it to be the bane of the union. She implies that the ranks had been corrupted with false ideas and calls the current state of the ILGWU as one of “moral disintegration.” At the end of her letter, she explains that it was her way of individually expressing herself, something union officials frequently suggested that new members do. Additionally, she believes her opinion to be valid as she has obtained the position of vice president because of her merit. Generally, this letter provides a look inside the ILGWU at the time; however, since the opinions presented are biased, the letter is not wholly reliable.
President John F. Kennedy listens as the ILGWU dedicates Co-op housing at Penn Station
South. The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center, Ithaca. Cornell
University ILR School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015. <http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/
ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This photograph is of people speaking about the ILGWU Cooperative houses. Again, it shows the involvement of Dubinsky and the ILGWU in projects to benefit the people. This will be used for the leadership component and in support of the thesis.
The Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives. Catherwood Library,
Ithaca. 5780/109, box 2, folder 35.
This is a broadside advertising a strike during Dubinsky’s second year as president. It supports standing against sweatshops, a great issue at the time. This broadside shows one of the strikes that was organized during Dubinsky’s leadership and provides evidence of his effectiveness in leading the union. It also presents one of the problems the ILGWU members were faced with. This broadside is meant to support the leadership component.
With These Hands premiered on June 15, 1950 at the Gotham Theatre in New York City. June
15, 1950. Photograph. The Kheel Center. Catherwood Library, Ithaca. 5780P, box 61, folder 4.
This photograph displays the title of the film With These Hands outside of the Gotham Theatre in New York City. This photograph is an example of the impact that the ILGWU had within its own community. It is also another piece of evidence to support the fact that Dubinsky brought about positive changes to the ILGWU. Since a good deal of money goes into making films, it is also a reflection of the ILGWU's success at the time. Just as the previous picture, it will support both themes of leadership and legacy. This photograph can also be used to support other textual evidence.
Women on strike for decent wages. The Kheel Center ILGWU Collection. The Kheel Center,
Ithaca. Cornell University ILR School. Web. 22 Jan. 2015. <http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/
ILGWU/archives/photos/index.html>.
This photograph demonstrates what workers were fighting for and shows their willingness to support their cause. It can also be connected to David Dubinsky since he is responsible for the amount of members the union amassed and the amount of protests that were organized. It will be used as support for the thesis and leadership component.
Young David Dubinsky cutting fabric. Photograph. The Kheel Center for Labor-Management
Documentation and Archives. Catherwood Library, Ithaca. International Ladies Garment Workers Union Photographs (1885-1985).
David Dubinsky is pictured cutting fabric during the years before his ILGWU offices. This picture shows the personal history that Dubinsky had with garment workers, being that he was one of them himself. It will be used in the background information for this project to show why Dubinsky was so passionate about the American Labor Movement.
- - -. "Introductory Remarks by David Dubinsky." Conference on Vivisection of Section 7A.
Russell Sage Foundation Auditorium. 16 Feb. 1935. Speech.
Dubinsky begins his speech with explaining that the labor movement in the United States was not uniform. He continues with the statement that not all unions or organization had as much impact, and Section 7A was one of those with a lesser effect. He briefly mentions that the entire labor world was suffering from a decline in membership and lack of funding in the spring 1933. Dubinsky branches off into discussing current problems that garment workers are facing, mentioning that a shorter work week is necessary. Later on, he makes another point that unions must insist on making or amending codes. Overall, this speech shows Dubinsky's ability to pinpoint future courses of action and it displays his understanding of the labor movement. While it is definitely subject to bias since it is a speech he wrote for himself, it will provide evidence for his leadership.
- - -. "David Dubinsky's Opening Remarks." American Labor Conference on International
Affairs. Commodore Hotel, New York City. 6 Dec. 1944. Speech.
David Dubinsky begins his speech with some troubled commentary on the tragedies in Europe at the time. He states that they have successfully fought against Fascists and Communists, but they haven't gotten enough people to fight with them. He goes on to say that the disunity of powerful forces is a result of the constant rivalry that exists among them. He says that weaker nations will always be suppressed by more powerful ones due to this dynamic. Dubinsky also says that food is not the only thing Europeans are in need of, they are also longing for freedom. He ends with powerfully stating that the labor world must cause a change, one that he hopes will not be too little too late. Overall, this speech further supports leadership, but the bias is considerable.
Secondary
Bergmann, William. "A Study of the Labor Philosophy of David Dubinsky, President of the
International Ladies Garment Workers of America." MA thesis. Loyola University
Chicago, 1964. 1-7, 76-82. Print.
The thesis written by William J. Bergmann evaluates David Dubinsky’s views, beliefs, and opinions associated with the American labor movement. Its main point is to pick apart Dubinsky’s labor philosophy. Bergmann is credible because he has studied the topics addressed and does not have significant bias. However, from the very beginning, a positive view on Dubinsky is established. He is described as being a significant force in the unification of the CIO and AFL. Bergmann then gives some background information on Dubinsky before explaining how he will evaluate Dubinsky’s labor philosophy. In his conclusion, Bergmann states that Dubinsky strongly believes in cooperation but not in business unionism. Additionally, he believes that Dubinsky sees concern for the union movement as something that will benefit workers. Overall, Bergmann’s interpretation of Dubinsky is helpful in furthering my understanding of David Dubinsky and his beliefs.
Eisner, J. M. "Politics, Legislation, and the ILGWU." The American Journal of Economics and
Sociology 28.3 (1969): n. pag. Print.
“Politics, Legislation, and the ILGWU,” written by J. M. Eisner, has a clear point to make in relation to Dubinsky’s leadership of the ILGWU and its political stances. Eisner states that Dubinsky helped the ILGWU reach its special way of functioning in politics by maintaining it at a balance between the way ‘Gompersians’ and socialists operated. Eisner discusses his thesis in further detail and moves on to talk about labor politics in general. Overall, this source gives a clear opinion on how David Dubinsky shaped the political views of the ILGWU. While J. M. Eisner is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Johns Hopkins University, his understanding of labor politics is evident throughout the text. However, it may be less reliable than that of someone with more experience in the field. This source is useful and informative, especially since it presents a specific opinion about Dubinsky’s influence on the ILGWU.
Hermanson, Jeff. "Organizing for Justice: ILGWU Returns to Social Unionism to Organize
Immigrant Workers." Labor Research Review 1.20 (1993): 1-12. Print.
This journal article by Jeff Hermanson, Organizing for Justice, focuses on the central point that constructing a successful campaign for justice would require mass organization as opposed to just one thing at a time. He argues that this is what brought the ILGWU success in their early years and will bring it to be successful again. Additionally, he states that once educated on their lack of rights and benefits, garment workers will actively fight to establish better living and working conditions for their community. Hermanson's final point is that the survival of the labor movement lies in its self transformation. The author is a lawyer who represents private and public companies, making this article somewhat out of his field of expertise. However, the points presented are valid and free of bias. This will help to answer the question of legacy because it discusses the positive effects of educating people about their rights or lack thereof.
Lent, Jesse. Sara Catalinotto from Parents to Improve School Transportation addresses the crowd
at the City Hall Park rally. DNAinfo. DNAinfo, 6 Jan. 2013. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20130106/civic-center/hundreds-gather-at-city-hall-
park-support-of-school-bus-drivers-union>.
This photograph shows labor unions at work today and will serve to support the idea that David Dubinsky and the ILGWU have a lasting legacy. It also helps with understanding how the world of labor unions has changed over time.
Liberal Party Declaration and Platform. New York: Liberal Party of New York, 1945. Print.
This document contains the reasons for the Liberal Party of New York as well as the ideas it would represent. The views are clearly stated in organized sections as are the reasons for the party, making it easy to identify information within the text. Its contributors are listed in the beginning of the document, David Dubinsky being one of those mentioned. His influence and legacy is shown in this article since the views of the party are bound to reflect some of his own. Additionally, any members of this party will be directly influenced by his views and anything the party accomplishes will be a result of said views. Overall, the Liberal Party of New York is a lasting piece of all that Dubinsky stood for.
Nathan-Kazis, Josh. "Former ILGWU Workers Battle Their Own Union." The Jewish Daily
Forward 7 Sept. 2010: n. pag. Print.
The article written by Josh Nathan-Kazis, “Former ILGWU Workers Battle Their Own Union,” deals with the conflict surrounding the recent cuts that the life insurance policies of former ILGWU staff members have faced. It discusses the uproar from retired staff members because they were assured they would have a good life insurance policy during their years at the ILGWU. Raynor, the president of Worker’s United, an institutional successor of the ILGWU, has stated that the cuts were necessary since the staff members had reasonable pay in their years at the ILGWU and do not need compensation. The author of this article is an experienced writer who has even received awards for his work. Additionally, his personal opinions are not once stated and the piece includes a relatively equal amount of information from both sides of the conflict. This source clarifies that although union workers were promised benefits in the time of Dubinsky, they are not being given those benefits anymore.
Parmet, Robert D. The Master of Seventh Avenue: David Dubinsky and the American Labor
Movement. New York: New York University, 2005. Print.
The Master of Seventh Avenue: David Dubinsky and the American Labor by Robert D. Parmet provides a unique insight on Dubinsky’s life before and after his rise to importance in the world of labor unions. It highlights his early years as well as the family dynamic and his omnipresent need to learn. Parmet goes on to explain Dubinsky’s struggles in Poland, including convictions due to his involvement in labor unions. His emigration to the United States and his subsequent job endeavors are also included in this detailed account of Dubinsky’s life. His role as manager of the local 10, his presidency of the ILGWU, and any accomplishment he achieved during those times is mentioned with the appropriate dates and explanations. This source is helpful in that it recounts Dubinsky’s life with specific information and furthermore explains the occurrences in a way that is easy to comprehend. Robert D. Parmet is a reliable author in that he studies labor history and is a professor at York College with a PhD from Columbia University. Additionally, he does not seem to have any significant bias. In comparison to other sources, this one, although longer, expresses Dubinsky’s achievements concisely and clearly. It allows each event its own fleshed out description without being too wordy and in general, is helpful in terms of becoming familiar with who David Dubinsky was.
Pesce, Nicole Lyn. "We built NY; Labor Day honors union workers' labor of love." NY Daily
News [New York] 4 Sept. 2011: n. pag. Print.
The article written by Nicole Lyn Pesce discusses the celebrations of Labor Day in New York City, particularly focusing on how organized labor has shaped New York to be the way that it is today. Pesce mentions the historical landmarks that are visited during the festivities, all places of significance for labor unions. Overall, this source briefly makes the argument that we have the labor unions of yesterday to thank for the New York City of today. However, Pesce states that there is still work to be done in order to secure rights for workers in present times. Nicole Lyn Pesce is a general assignment reporter for the New York Daily News and an editorial intern for the New York Observer. She is experienced in writing articles, but shows some bias through her solely positive account of the contributions of labor unions. This source makes a clear statement in terms of what the legacy of organized labor is in New York City.
Renshaw, Patrick. "Why Shouldn't a Union Man be a Union Man? The ILGWU and FOUR."
Journal of American Studies 29.2 (1995): 185-98. Print.
Patrick Renshaw opens his journal article with an analysis of the previous goals that unions had and the way in which they were structured at present. Renshaw is a credible author who has written multiple works related to labor and does not seem to have any extreme bias. He makes the argument that the world of labor unions turned into something that was meant for personal benefit rather than the good of the many. Additionally, David Dubinsky’s anti-Communist stance is mentioned several times. Later, Renshaw references the conflict between FOUR and the ILGWU, allowing the reader to understand Dubinsky’s worries on the matter. Dubinsky then took action to find out what was making FOUR members unhappy. However, the ILGWU continuously rejected FOUR’s requests for bargaining rights. The details of these relations are further elaborated throughout the article. In closing the article, Renshaw writes that the ILGWU and unions like it had become resistant to change and thus grew less successful because they would not evolve with the times. Overall, this article provides another point of view on how functional the ILGWU was under David Dubinsky’s leadership.
Rhee, Sarah Jane. "Photo by Sarah Jane Rhee / loveandstrugglephotos.com." Jacobin. Bhaskar
Sunkara, 16 Mar. 2014. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.
<https://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/03/uncommon-core-chicago-teachers-union/>.
This photograph of the teachers’ strike in Chicago brings up another issue that teachers are protesting against and emphasizes the presence of teachers in unions today. It will provide support for the legacy component.
Seidler, Murray. "The Socialist Party and American Unionism." Midwest Journal of Political
Science 5.3 (1961): 207-36. Print.
This journal article by Murray Seidler discusses the role of the Socialist Party in America, specifically its surprising influence on the American Labor Movement. Seidler begins with a general statement on how the whole picture of American politics cannot be understood without the acknowledgement of minor political parties. He goes on to mention that although the Socialist Party has not directly influenced American politics, it has had significant impact on organized labor. Additionally, Seidler states that the majority of labor leaders identified as communists, outnumbering those who were socialists. Lastly, he brings up the fact that the Socialist Party has been in decline for most of its existence. The author shows little bias in this journal article and presents an informative view on the Socialist Party. This source contributes to the aspect of legacy in that it reflects on the influence of the Socialist Party on the labor movement. Being that Dubinsky aided in the founding of the party, it reflects to some extent the effects of his ideals as well.
"Staten Islanders to BFC Partners: “Build Empire Outlets Right!”." Build Up NYC. Build Up
NYC, 22 Oct. 2013. Web. 3 Mar. 2015. <http://www.buildupnyc.org/staten-islanders-to-
bfc-partners-build-empire-outlets-right/>.
This photograph provides evidence of other current issues and shows New Yorkers taking a stand. Furthermore, it demonstrates the struggle of union members in a New York City borough, supporting the idea that Dubinsky’s presidency contributed to a long lasting labor presence in New York. It will support the legacy component.
"Tacoma Teacher Strike." Living Behind the Gates. N.p., Feb. 2012. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.
<https://livingbehindthegates.wordpress.com/2012/02/>.
This photograph of a teacher strike provides evidence of who forms part of unions today and what they fight for. It will provide support for the legacy component.
Tyler, Gus. "David Dubinsky: A Life with Social Significance." Monthly Labor Review (1994):
43-49. Print.
The journal article written by Gus Tyler, “David Dubinsky: A Life with Social Significance,” focuses on David Dubinsky’s role in the labor movement. Its main point is to prove that Dubinsky led a life with incredible social significance, as the title suggests. Tyler begins with Dubinsky’s early years of presidency in the ILGWU before backtracking to his childhood and adolescence. From there, he goes on to describe the later years of Dubinsky's presidency, concentrating on his obstacles and contributions of the time. The closing of this article expresses Dubinsky’s thoughts on and plans for the future of labor unions. Gus Tyler, an employee of the ILGWU for over forty years, is bound to have accurate but notably biased information. His work reflects the positive opinion he had of both Dubinsky and the ILGWU itself. Generally, this source hits the main points of Dubinsky’s presidency as well as what he planned to leave behind, so it answers the question of his leadership and legacy.
- - -. "The Schooling of David Dubinsky: A Democratic Labor Leader in the Making."
Commentary Magazine 1 Aug. 1949: n. pag. Print.
In the beginning of the article, David Dubinsky’s field of labor as well as his role in it is discussed. The peaceful labor relations that Dubinsky was able to forge with the ILGWU are also mentioned, as well as the ILGWU’s status as a pioneer for educational and welfare work. Afterwards, Dubinsky’s youth in Poland is described in detail, centering around his involvement with the Bund. His arrests, his exile, and his escape are mentioned as well. The article closes with the mention of Dubinsky’s immigration to New York and the role he has been able to play in the American Labor Movement. This article was written by Waclaw Solski, a writer who grew up in the same place as Dubinsky and was intimately involved in the same European democratic socialist movement. This shows that he may have some bias in portraying a positive image of Dubinsky. Overall, the article explores the qualities and experiences that made Dubinsky a leader.
Whittaker, Max. Workers fought changes in labor laws in Wisconsin last year. Credit. The New
York Times. The New York Times Company, 23 Jan. 2013. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/24/business/union-membership-drops-despite-job-gro
wth.html?_r=1>.
This photograph shows another cause for which people protest today and demonstrates the continued existence of passionate labor unions. It shows that labor unions are something people turn to in order to find support and aid. It will support the idea that David Dubinsky and the ILGWU have a lasting legacy.
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